AUGUST 21,

1926.

or other objects in coal-mines, and cannot
find references to coal (in the modern sense
as opposed to charcoal) in any classical
writer, but the Romans certainly used coal
on the North Wall, from surface outcrops,
as a large quantity was found in a Roman
cellar at Housesteads (1833), and workings
were suspected at Benwell. The dictionaries
do not help, and there is little on the subject in the latest Archaeological Encyclopedia (Eberts ' Real lexikon,' under ' Bergbau, Kohle and Brenhmaterial').
REGINALD A. SMITH.

British Museum.
"rpAPS"=SALUTE (cli. 82, 123).—The
•*• word does not appear in Webster's
' Dictionary of The English Language,
Revised and Enlarged,' 1853. This edition
contains nearly 1,400 pages; and one asks,
had the word any general use before the
Civil War?
1 did not notice the mention in The
Times and, therefore, have no idea of its
application, excent I feel sure it means a
certain number of slow taps on a side, drum
at intervals. No doubt any officer of the
U.S.A. army or navy can give a correct
answer.
HERBERT SOUTHAM.

141

Toomey's ' Heroes of the Victoria Cross,'
1895.
The last book gives portraits from photographs of Surgeon James Mouat (now Surgeon-General, K.C.B.) and Sergeant-Major
Charles Wooden (late Quartermaster 104th
Bengal Fusiliers). Apparently Wooden was
in the uniform of the 104th when his photograph was taken by Maull and, Fox. Mouat
has six decorations, and Wooden has five.
I have found no suggestion that Wooden
was not an Englishman.
ROBERT PIEBPOINT.

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NOTES AND QUERIES.

Charles Wooden was born about 1825 or
1826. He joined the 17th Lancers as a
private, rose to the rank of sergeant-major,
and served in the Crimean War. He was
one of the noble " six hundred" at Balaclava, Oct. 25, 1854, where he won the V.C.
l for helping to save the life of Lieut.-Colonel
, Morris, C.B., when the latter was ly; ing
very dangerously wounded in an exposed
position after the retreat of the light
cavalry. Wooden afterwards served in
India during the mutiny, became quarter, master 6th Dragoons 1860-5; quartermaster
5th Lancers 1865 — 1871; and quartermaster
104tih Foot from 1872 until his death, at
Dover, April 24, 1876.

ARCHIBALD SPABKB.
TZAAK
WALTON'S SECOND MAR1
[Information vt supra.] This is comRIAGE (cli. 99).—Anne Ken's dowerchest, recently sold at Hurcomb's, was put memorated in one of the historical
iip for sale at Worcester, Oct 10, 1884, by paintings in the Victoria Cross Picture
Messrs. Griffiths and Millington. A copy I Gallery, formerly at the Crystal Palace, by
of the description of the " Curious Dower I the chevalier L. AV. Desanges, and now in
Coffer, said to have come from- Cathedral the V.C. Gallery at Wantage, Berkshire.
LEONABD C. PBICE.
precincts, Worcester," which appeared in
the printed Catalogue of Sale, will be found j Essex Lodge, Ewell.
1
in ' N . andQ.' 6 S. xii. 326.
T ETTERS ON SUNDIAL (cli. 100).—The
u
G. F. R. B.
significance of the letters T.W.S.S.T.A GERMAN V.C. (?): CHARLES K.S.H. is well known to all Mark Master
-"• WOODEN (cli. 100).—Surgeon James Masons They form part of the inscription
Mouat, 6th Dragoons, and Sergeant-Major on the jewel of the Mark Degree, and their
Charles Wooden, 17th Lancers, after the presence on the sundial in question no doubt
retreat of the light cavalry, at the action indicates that the person for whom it was
at Balaklava, rescued Captain Morris, 17th erected had been advanced to that degree.
Lancers, who was lying dangerously More I do not feel at liberty to say.
WM. SELF-WEEKS.
wounded in an exposed position. The surgeon dressed the wounds, thus stopping a
The correct order of these letters is H T
serious hemorrhage. This was under' heavy W S S T K S. They are commonly infire.
scribed on a certain masonic jewel which
Surgeon Mouat and Sergeant-Major consists of a stone, generally white, in the
Wooden were awarded the Victoria Cross. form of a miniature keystone. I have no
See Thomas Carter's ' Medals of the British authority, but I have always supposed them
Army—The' Crimean Campaign,' 1861; to mean something of this kind:—
Major Knollys's ' The Victoria Cross in
Hiram of Tyne a White Stone Sent (?)
the Crimea' [18771; Robert W. O'Byrne's to the.'Temple of King Solomon.
'The Victoria -Cross,' 1880; and T. E.
For the relations between King Hiram